Neurology

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. It may include convulsions, staring spells, confusion, and loss of consciousness caused due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The brain contains numerous neurons that transmit electrical impulses to transfer messages between the brain cells.

A seizure is a sudden, brief attack caused by changes in the brain’s electrical activity. It is quite common in people with a brain tumor. During a seizure, a person’s brain cells misfire, releasing electrical energy in an uncontrolled manner. This results in a sudden buildup of energy through the brain, causing unconsciousness and contractions of the muscles.

The peripheral nervous system transmits signals from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Any disruption in the normal functioning of the peripheral nervous system can result in numbness, pain, and weakness in your hands and feet as well as other parts of your body. Peripheral nerves are fragile and easily damaged.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) affecting the myelin sheath which insulates nerve cells and is important for the transmission of nerve impulses. This causes the relay of information between the brain and the rest of your body to either slow down

A neurological disability refers to any condition that affects the normal functioning of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Postural tachycardia is caused by the reduced blood supply to the heart and head on standing, as a result of an impaired nervous system that controls involuntary actions. This condition is seen more in women in the age group of 15 to 50, usually before menstruation or after pregnancy.

Dementia is a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and communication associated with many neurological conditions. Symptoms vary depending on the part of the brain that is damaged. It can affect your judgment, cause confusion and forgetfulness, and disrupt your daily activities. Symptoms may also include coordination difficulties (getting lost), changes in personality, agitation and hallucinations.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, a group of brain disorders that cause impairment in mental abilities, such as memory and reasoning. When AD affects individuals in their 30s, 40s, and 50s it is called early-onset AD. Late-onset AD is the most common form and usually occurs after age 65.

Multiple sclerosis also known as encephalomyelitis disseminate is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves) that damages the myelin sheath of the nerve cells. This interrupts the transmission of information from the brain to different parts of the body resulting in difficulty with coordination and balance, vision and speech difficulties, tremors, muscle weakness, dizziness, and cognitive difficulties.

Traumatic brain injuries occur when a sudden trauma, such as a violent blow or jolt to the head, causes brain damage.The symptoms of traumatic brain injury can range from mild to severe, depending upon the extent of damage to the brain. Mild traumatic brain injuries may include symptoms such as loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes, headache, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, ringing in the ears, fatigue, mood swings, memory problems, and difficulty in concentrating.

A tremor is an involuntary muscle movement characterized by shaking of a body part, usually the hands and arms, and difficulty holding and controlling objects. It may also involve other parts of the body such as the vocal cords and head. A slight tremor is normally present in all of us, especially the elderly.

The brain requires a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood in order to function properly. A blockage, interruption or severe reduction in the supply of blood to the brain can result in a condition called a stroke. Stroke is a medical emergency that leads to the death of brain cells within minutes of the interruption in blood supply. Prompt treatment is vital to minimize brain damage and improve outcomes.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a disorder affecting memory and mental function that can lead to language difficulties, error in judgmental capabilities, and loss of proper thinking capacity. This condition is different from the normal age-related decline in cognitive function but is not as severe as Alzheimer’s disease or other mental disorders that can affect your day to day activities.

Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm are cranial nerve disorders in which the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve are compressed as they exit from the brainstem.There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the brain and brainstem. Each of these nerves is responsible for different sensations and controlling different organs of your body.

Nerve pain also called neuropathic pain, is pain caused by injury or disease of the sensory nervous system. The sensory nervous system is associated with the senses of pressure, pain, touch, movement, vibration, temperature and position. You may experience a variety of symptoms ranging from pain to numbness in various parts of the body depending on the location of the nerve damage.

Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of involuntary shaking (seizures) that occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is usually treated with medication, but sometimes patients do not respond adequately to treatment with medications. In such cases, seizures continue, affecting the activities of your daily living. This is a drug-resistant form of epilepsy called refractory epilepsy.

Diabetic neuropathy refers to a type of nerve damage caused by diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, the presence of high sugar (glucose) levels in the blood. Diabetic neuropathy most often damages nerves in the legs and feet. Nerves are a group of specialized tissues that convey signals between your brain and other parts of your body.

Post-traumatic headache treatment refers to interventions or methods involved in the treatment of post-traumatic headache (PTH), a type of headache that occurs after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or head trauma. It is one of the most common symptoms experienced by individuals following a head injury. PTH can vary in intensity, duration, and frequency, and it may persist for weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury.

A migraine is a type of headache characterized by severe throbbing pain on one side of the head accompanied by secondary symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound or smell. Other symptoms may include lightheadedness and blurry vision. A migraine may be preceded by an aura, a neurological warning sign, which may occur 10 to 15 minutes before an attack.

Tension-type headache is the most common type of headache and is characterized by dull pain and tightness in the head, neck, and shoulders on both sides. It may be either episodic (30 minutes to a week) or chronic (more than 15 days a month for three months) but does not usually affect activities of daily living. It is more common in women.

Cluster headaches are a rare type of headache characterized by intense pain from the neck to the temple and around the eye, on one side of the face, occurring mostly at night. It usually occurs in a cyclical pattern or cluster period and is one of the most painful types of headache. The cluster often occurs suddenly, lasts around an hour, then disappears suddenly.

Sleep is essential for your physical health and emotional wellbeing. Everyone experiences occasional sleeping problems, but if you experience problems sleeping repeatedly, it could indicate an underlying health problem. Sleep disorders are problems associated with sleeping, including difficulty falling or staying asleep through the night, feeling sleepy during the day, or waking up feeling exhausted.

Diagnostic tests for neurological disorders are defined as studies or procedures performed to confirm or rule out a neurological disorder. Before making a treatment plan, your physician needs crucial information for a precise diagnosis, which a diagnostic test provides.